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Abstract@#Compared with normal children, leftbehind children who experience parent child separation receive less care and attention from their parents, and are more likely to have cognitive and behavioral adaptation problems, thus leading to an elevated risk of depression. The study systematically examines the effects of parent child separation type, separation duration and separation age on depression among left-behind children. Attachment theory, interpersonal relationship, theory attribution theory and behavior theory have been used to explain how parentchild separation influences depression among left-behind children, so as to provide reference for relevant research and mental health education for left-behind children.
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Background Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) specific caspase-12 dependent pathway plays a key role in cell apoptosis,and apoptosis is an important characteristic of diabetic retinal neuron degeneration.Sericin is a potentially effective therapy for retinal neuron apoptosis.However,whether sericin has neuroprotection effects on caspase-12 pathway-associated retinal cells in diabetic retinopathy (DR) process is not unelucidated.Objective This study was to investigate the effects of sericin on the inhibition of retinal neuron apoptosis-associated with ERS specific caspase-12 dependent pathway in diabetic rat.Methods The diabetic models were established by feeding high lipid foods and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin for 3 consecutive days in 30 SPF SD rats aged 2-3 months.Twenty-four successful model rats were randomized into sericin-treated group and diabetic model group according to computer number allocation,and another 12 matched rats served as normal control group.The normal saline solution and sericin solution dissolved with normal saline solution 2.4 g/(kg · d) was used for 35 days in gavage method in the diabetic model group and sericin-treated group,respectively.The rats were sacrificed and retinal sections were prepared.TUNEL staining was employed to detect retinal neuron apoptosis.The expressions of glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78),an ERS marker,and caspase-12 and caspase-3 in retinas in protein and transcription levels were detected by Western blot and reverse transcription PCR,respectively.The use and care of the rats complied with Regulations for the Administration of Affairs Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission and ARVO Statement.Results Diabetic models were successfully established in 24 of total 30 rats,with the successful rate of 80％.Apoptotic cells were found in the rats of various groups,mostly locating in retinal ganglion cell layer and inner nuclear layer.The apoptotic index (AI) was 0.028 4±0.002 3,0.215 1 ± 0.020 9 and 0.115 0±0.018 1 in the normal control group,diabetic model group and sericin-treated group,respectively,and the AI was significantly lower in the sericin-treated group than that in the diabetic control group (P＜ 0.05).Compared with the diabetic model group,the relative expression levels of GRP78,caspase-12 and caspase-3 proteins in rat retinas were significantly elevated in the sericin-treated group (0.523±0.029 vs.0.924±0.039,1.118 ± 0.051 vs.1.468±0.037,0.315±0.024 vs.0.554±0.032) (all at P＜0.05),and the relative expression levels of GRP78,caspase-12 and caspase-3 mRNA in rat retinas were significantly reduced in the sericin-treated group (0.816± 0.022 vs.1.218±0.033,0.216±0.023 vs.0.407±0.012,0.322±0.022 vs.0.531 ±0.029) (all at P＜0.05).Conclusions Sericin can inhibit ERS-related retinal neuron apoptosis by down-regulating the expressions of GRP78,caspase-12 and caspase-3 in ERS specific caspase-12 dependent pathway in diabetic rats.
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Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a chronic inflammatory disease,with pathological changes of retinal microvessels.Studies demonstrated that sericin has anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation effects,inferring that sericin might play a protective effect on diabetic microangiopathy.Objective This study was to investigate the effects of sericin on intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1),vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and Cx43 expressions in retina and explore the protection of sericin to retinal microangiopathy in diabetic rats.Methods Forty-eight specific pathogen free male SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group,diabetic model group,sericin-treated group and calcium dobesilate-treated group,with 12 rats for each group.The diabetic models were established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) for 3 consecutive days and feeding up with high lipid foods.Normal saline solution,2.4 g/(kg · d) sericin solution and 0.2 g/(kg · d) calcium dobesilate were used by gavage administration in the rats of the diabetic model group,sericin-treated group and calcium dobesilate-treated for 3 months group,respectively.The rats were sacrificed and retinal sections were prepared,and the retinal morphology was examined by hematoxylin-eosin staining.The expressions of ICAM-1,VCAM-1 and Cx43 proteins and mRNA in retinas were detected by Western blot assay and reverse transcription PCR.The use and care of the rats complied with Regulations for the Administration of Affairs Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission and ARVO statement.Results The retinal structure was normal in the normal control group.The swell and rupture of inter limiting membrane (ILM),scatter vascular endothelial cell nuclei breakthrough ILM and decrease of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) were displayed in the diabetic model group;while in the sericin-treated group and calcium dobesilate-treated group,the mild thickening of ILM and disorder of retinal cells were obtained.The relative expression levels of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were significantly raised and those of Cx43 were reduced in the diabetic model group,sericin-treated group and calcium dobesilate-treated group when compared with the normal control group (all at P＜0.05).Compared with the diabetic model group,the expressions of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 proteins and mRNA in the sericin-treated group were significantly reduced (ICAM-1 protein:0.834 3±0.032 1 vs.0.918 9±0.042 4;VCAM-Ⅰ protein:0.726 4±0.011 2 vs.1.235 0±0.078 9;ICAM-1 mRNA:0.716 3±0.008 6 vs.0.956 8±0.012 5;VCAM-1 mRNA:0.393 7±0.035 0 vs.0.477 9±0.020 6) and those of Cx43 protein and mRNA were evidently elevated (Cx43 protein:0.133 1 ±0.015 3 vs.0.039 2±0.002 0;Cx43 mRNA:0.676 8 ±0.064 8 vs.0.430 8±0.111 3) (all at P＜0.05).Conclusions Sericin can relieve retinal microangiopathy and protect retina against the pathogenesis and development of DR by down-regulating the expressions of ICAM-1,VCAM-1 and upregulating the expression of Cx43 in retinas of diabetic rats.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of “T”incision on distant stereovision of cataract patients with high cornea astigma-tism .Methods 40 age-related cataract patients (40 eyes) with high cornea astigmatism for surgery in our hospital were divided into two groups :A(20 eyes) an B(20 eyes) .The A groups received superior(11 :00) clear corneal incision(CCI) .The B groups besides the superior(11:00) CCI ,for surgery on the steepest meridian ,an additional couple of “T”incisions were made to release the preex-isting corneal astigmatism .The operation eyes were all implanted Rayner foldable posterior chamber intraocular lens .The UCVA , corneal astigmatism ,distant stereovision were observed at 3 months after operation .Results The UCVA in each group after sur-gery was all better than that of preoperation ,difference being statistically significant (P0 .05) ,The corneal J0 and P in group B after surgery were lower than that of preoperation .difference being statistically significant(P<0 .01) .difference between Group A and Group B(P<0 .01) at 3 months postoperation was statistically significant (P<0 .01);The stereopsis in each group after surgery was all better than that of preoperation ,difference being statistically significant (P<0 .01) .the difference between Group A and Group B postoperation was significant (P<0 .05) .Conclusion the“T” incisions on the steepest corneal meridian can improve the patient′s visual function and distant stereovision .
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Objective To investigate the effect of antisense oligonucleofide(PCNA ASON)and vascuiar endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene traneduction on restenosis after balloon angiopasty.Memods chinese rabbits were randomly divided into control group(I),PCNA ASON(II),VEGF only (Ⅲ),PCNA ASON+VEGF(Ⅳ)groups.Each group included 7 rabbits.Restenosis wasevaluated by pathology immunohistochemistry and Western-blotting for the expression of PCNA,and the depth and area oftunica media and tunicca intima were measured. Results All rabbits experienced restenosis on different severities,especially in control group.Lesions were less severe in PCNA ASON and VEGF groups than in controls.The proliferation of smooth muscle and intima significantly ameliorated in PCNA ASON and VEGF combination group that in PCNA ASON or VEGF groups(P<0.01).But the difference between the PCNA ASON and VEGF group was not significant(P>0.7). Conclusion PCNA ASON and VEGF gene transductionn are effective in preventing restenosis after balloon angioplasty caused vessel injury in rabbits.
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3 years. Conclusions Surveillance of circulation system, coagulation system and transplanted splenic function,and correct perioperative treatment are the key points for getting the success of spleen transplantation.
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Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of acute rejection of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Methods From July 1999 to April 2000, two piggyback liver transplantations were performed on two patients with Wilson's disease. Results Cyclosporine A, azathioprine and methylprednisolone were the baseline immunosuppression management. Acute rejection occured 5 times in the 2 patients. The correct diagnosis was obtained through clinical inspection, liver function test and biopsy. The rejections were controlled by intensive steriod therapy plus OKT3 or FK506. Conclusions Clinical inspection and liver function test can suggest the episode of acute rejection in time. Hepatic biopsy is the key point for diagnosis of acute rejecton, Reasonable use of immunosppression is critical for the treatment.
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Objective To evaluate a new gene therapy for the treatment of experimental occlusive arterial disease Methods Magnetic nanospheres were produced, VEGF gene was cloned for subsequent construction of eukaryotic expression plasmid The magnetic gelatin microspheres used in targeted gene therapy were prepared by emulsion crosslinking method The microspheres were injected intrafemorally in rabbits through contralateral femoral artery, and the ischemic limb was placed in a magnetic field Angiography was performed on day 10 and day 30 respectively The capillary density and the capillary to muscle fiber ratio were determined histochemically Results Compared to the controls there was significant collateral artery development in VEGF transfected group The capillary density and the capillary to muscle fiber ratio were significantly higher for the VEGF transfected group than for the control group. The capillary density of control was (125?23)/mm 2, and in VEGF group was (298?27)/mm 2, P
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0.05). Conclusion Air pollution might have effect on pupils' non-special immunity.